Bandwidth and energy in TRON network:
Bandwidth:Regular transactions consume only bandwidth (mostly functions such as transfer, freeze, and unfreeze).
Bandwidth consumed by one transaction=Transaction bytes * bandwidth rate (current bandwidth rate=1). Everyday, each account receives a 600 complimentary bandwidth.
Energy:Energy is a type of server resource consumed when running smart contracts. Like bandwidth, it can be acquired by freezing TRX, but the accounts would not receive daily complimentary Energy.
Energy measures the computational work of executing smart contracts on the TRON Virtual Machine (TVM). The amount consumed depends on the instructions executed, the execution path, and any applicable dynamic Energy factor. Energy does not have a fixed conversion to CPU execution time. Contract execution is also subject to a separate CPU time limit. The network-wide Energy limit is set by chain parameters.
When a TRON developer deploys DApp contracts, he/she can set the payer of the Energy consumed by DApps to developers or users.If the DApp consumes the user's Energy while the user has zero, then smart contracts will automatically deduct a corresponding amount of TRX from the user's account as a handling fee.